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Pravidla golfu

Listování pravidly

O vysvětleních definic

Vysvětlení definic

Užitečné odkazy

Advice/1 - Verbal Comments or Actions That Are Advice

Examples of when comments or actions are considered advice and are not allowed include:

A player makes a statement regarding club selection that was intended to be overheard by another player who has a similar stroke.
In individual stroke play, Player A, who has just holed out on the 7th hole, demonstrates to Player B, whose ball was just off the putting green, how to make the next stroke. Because Player B has not completed the hole, Player A gets the penalty on the 7th hole. But if both Player A and Player B had completed the 7th hole, Player A gets the penalty on the 8th hole.
A player’s ball is lying badly and the player is deliberating what action to take. Another player comments, “You have no shot at all. If I were you, I would decide to take unplayable ball relief.” This comment is advice because it could have influenced the player in deciding how to play during a hole.

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Advice/2 - Verbal Comments or Actions That Are Not Advice

Examples of comments or actions that are not advice include:

During play of the 6th hole, a player asks another player what club they used on the 4th hole that is a par-3 of similar length.
A player makes a second stroke that lands on the putting green. Another player does likewise. The first player then asks the second player what club was used for the second stroke.
After making a stroke, a player says, "I should have used a 5-iron" to another player in the group that has yet to play onto the green, but not intending to influence their play.
A player looks into another player's bag to determine which club they used for the last stroke without touching or moving anything.
While lining up a putt, a player mistakenly seeks advice from another player's caddie, believing that caddie to be the player's caddie. The player immediately realizes the mistake and tells the other caddie not to answer.

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Advice/3 - When Statements That Include Public Information Are Advice

Statements of public information may be given without penalty. But it is advice when the statement also contains information intended to influence a player in choosing a club, making a stroke or deciding how to play during a hole or round.

Examples of statements that are not advice include:

“The penalty area is 5 yards short of the front edge of the green.”
“The wind is blowing from the west, which means that on this hole the wind is blowing from the right.”

Examples of statements that are advice include:

“The penalty area is 5 yards short of the front edge of the green, so you may want to use enough club to make sure you carry the ball to the middle of the green.”
“The wind is behind us on this hole, so be sure to land the ball short of the green."

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Boundary Object/1 – Status of Attachments to Boundary Object

Objects that are attached to a boundary object, but are excluded under the definition of boundary object are obstructions and a player may be allowed free relief from them.

If the Committee does not wish to provide free relief from an obstruction attached to a boundary object, it may introduce a Local Rule providing that the obstruction is an integral object, in which case it loses its status as an obstruction and free relief is not allowed. For example, if angled supports are so close to a boundary fence that leaving the supports as obstructions would essentially give players free relief from the boundary object, the Committee may choose to define the supports to be integral objects.

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Club-Length/1 - How to Measure When Longest Club Breaks

If the longest club a player has during a round breaks, the original length of the broken club continues to be used for determining the size of their relief areas. However, if the longest club breaks and the player is allowed to replace it with another club (Rule 4.1a(2)) and they do so, the broken club is no longer considered their longest club.

If the player starts a round with fewer than 14 clubs and decides to add another club that is longer than the clubs they started with, the added club is used for measuring so long as it is not a putter.

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Committee/1 - Limiting a Committee Member’s Duties and Responsibilities

A Committee may choose to limit the role of some members, require that certain decisions have the agreement of specific members or delegate some responsibilities to people outside the Committee.

Examples include:

Limiting a referee’s duties in match play or stroke play.
Specifying that only certain referees or members of the Committee can enforce a Pace of Play Policy.
Stating that a minimum of three members of the Committee are required to decide whether a player will be disqualified for serious misconduct under Rule 1.2.
Giving authority to the club professional, club manager or other designated person to make rulings on behalf of the Committee.
Authorizing the head of the maintenance staff to suspend play on behalf of the Committee.
Limiting which referees have the authority to define an unmarked area to be ground under repair during a competition. (New)

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Ground Under Repair/1 - Damage Caused by Committee or Maintenance Staff Is Not Always Ground Under Repair

A hole made by maintenance staff is ground under repair even when not marked as ground under repair. However, not all damage caused by maintenance staff is ground under repair by default.

Examples of damage that is not ground under repair by default include:

A rut made by a tractor (but the Committee is justified in declaring a deep rut to be ground under repair).
An old hole plug that is sunk below the putting green surface, but see Rule 13.1c (Improvements Allowed on Putting Green).

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Ground Under Repair/2 - Ball in Tree Rooted in Ground Under Repair Is in Ground Under Repair

If a tree is rooted in ground under repair and a player's ball is in a branch of that tree, the ball is in ground under repair even if the branch extends outside the defined area.

If the player decides to take free relief under Rule 16.1 and the spot on the ground directly under where the ball lies in the tree is outside the ground under repair, the reference point for determining the relief area and taking relief is that spot on the ground. But if the spot on the ground directly under where the ball lies in the tree is in the ground under repair (or other interference exists at that spot such as the player will be standing in the condition), that spot should be used as a reference to find the nearest point of complete relief.

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Ground Under Repair/3 - Fallen Tree or Tree Stump Is Not Always Ground Under Repair

A fallen tree or tree stump that the Committee intends to remove, but is not in the process of being removed, is not automatically ground under repair. However, if the tree and the tree stump are in the process of being unearthed or cut up for later removal, they are "material piled for later removal" and therefore ground under repair.

For example, a tree that has fallen in the general area and is still attached to the stump is not ground under repair. However, a player could request relief from the Committee and the Committee would be justified in declaring the area covered by the fallen tree to be ground under repair.

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Holed/1 - All of the Ball Must Be Below the Surface to Be Holed When Embedded in Side of Hole

When a ball is embedded in the side of the hole, and all of the ball is not below the surface of the putting green, the ball is not holed. This is the case even if the ball touches the flagstick.

Holed/2 - Ball Is Considered Holed Even Though It Is Not "At Rest"

The words "at rest" in the definition of holed are used to make it clear that if a ball falls into the hole and bounces out, it is not holed.

However, if a player removes a ball from the hole that is still moving (such as circling or bouncing in the bottom of the hole), it is considered holed despite the ball not having come to rest in the hole.

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Immovable Obstruction/1 - Turf Around Obstruction Is Not Part of Obstruction

Any turf that is leading to an immovable obstruction or covering an immovable obstruction, is not part of the obstruction.

For example, a water pipe is partly underground and partly above ground. If the pipe that is underground causes the turf to be raised, the raised turf is not part of the immovable obstruction.

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Known or Virtually Certain/1 - Applying "Known or Virtually Certain" Standard When Ball Moves

When it is not "known" what caused the ball to move, all reasonably available information must be considered and the evidence must be evaluated to determine if it is "virtually certain" that the player, opponent or outside influence caused the ball to move.

Depending on the circumstances, reasonably available information may include, but is not limited to:

The effect of any actions taken near the ball (such as movement of loose impediments, practice swings, grounding club and taking a stance),
Time elapsed between such actions and the movement of the ball,
The lie of the ball before it moved (such as on a fairway, perched on longer grass, on a surface imperfection or on the putting green),
The conditions of the ground near the ball (such as the degree of slope or presence of surface irregularities, etc), and
Wind speed and direction, rain and other weather conditions.

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Known or Virtually Certain/2 - Virtual Certainty Is Irrelevant If It Comes to Light After Three-Minute Search Expires

When searching for a ball under a Rule that uses the knowledge or virtual certainty standard (such as Rule 17.1d), determining whether there is knowledge or virtual certainty must be based on evidence known to the player at the time the three-minute search time expires.

Examples of when the player's later findings are irrelevant include when:

A player's tee shot comes to rest in an area containing heavy rough and a large animal hole. After a three-minute search, it is determined that it is not known or virtually certain that the ball is in the animal hole. As the player returns to the teeing area, the ball is found in the animal hole. Even though the player has not yet put another ball in play, the player must take stroke-and-distance relief for a lost ball (Rule 18.2b - What to Do When Ball is Lost or Out of Bounds) since it was not known or virtually certain that the ball was in the animal hole, when the search time expired.
A player cannot find their ball and believes it may have been picked up by a spectator (outside influence), but there is not enough evidence to be virtually certain of this. A short time after the three-minute search time expires, a spectator is found to have the player's ball. The player must take stroke-and-distance relief for a lost ball (Rule 18.2b) since the movement by the outside influence only became known after the search time expired.

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Known or Virtually Certain/3 - Player Unaware Ball Played by Another Player

It must be known or virtually certain that a player's ball has been played by another player as a wrong ball to treat it as being moved.

For example, in stroke play, Player A and Player B hit their tee shots into the same general location. Player A finds a ball and plays it. Player B goes forward to look for their ball and cannot find it. After three minutes, Player B starts back to the tee to play another ball. On the way, Player B finds Player A's ball and knows then that Player A has played their ball in error. Player A gets the general penalty for playing a wrong ball and must then play their own ball (Rule 6.3c). Player A's ball was not lost even though both players searched for more than three minutes because Player A did not start searching for their ball; the searching was for Player B's ball. Regarding Player B's ball, Player B's original ball was lost and they must put another ball in play under penalty of stroke and distance (Rule 18.2b), because it was not known or virtually certain when the three-minute search time expired that the ball had been played by another player.

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Loose Impediment/1 - Status of Fruit

Fruit that is detached from its tree or bush is a loose impediment, even if the fruit is from a bush or tree not found on the course.

For example, fruit that has been partially eaten or cut into pieces, and the skin that has been peeled from a piece of fruit are loose impediments. But, when being carried by a player, it is their equipment.

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Loose Impediment/2 - When Loose Impediment Becomes Obstruction

Loose impediments may be transformed into obstructions through the processes of construction or manufacturing.

For example, a log (loose impediment) that has been split and had legs attached has been changed by construction into a bench (obstruction).

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Loose Impediment/3 - Status of Saliva

Saliva may be treated as either temporary water or a loose impediment, at the option of the player.

Loose Impediment/4 - Loose Impediments Used to Surface a Road

Gravel is a loose impediment and a player may remove loose impediment under Rule 15.1a. This right is not affected by the fact that, when a road is covered with gravel, it becomes an artificially surfaced road, making it an immovable obstruction. The same principle applies to roads or paths constructed with stone, crushed shell, wood chips or the like.

In such a situation, the player may:

Play the ball as it lies on the obstruction and remove gravel (loose impediment) from the road (Rule 15.1a).
Take relief without penalty from the abnormal course condition (immovable obstruction) (Rule 16.1b).

The player may also remove some gravel from the road to determine the possibility of playing the ball as it lies before choosing to take free relief.

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Lost/1 - Search Time Continues When Player Returns to Play a Provisional Ball

If a player has started to search for their ball and is returning to the spot of the previous stroke to play a provisional ball, the three-minute search time continues whether or not anyone continues to search for the player's ball.

Lost/2 - Search Time When Searching for Two Balls

When a player has played two balls (such as the ball in play and a provisional ball) and is searching for both, whether the player is allowed two separate three-minute search times depends on the circumstances of each situation.

If the balls are in the same vicinity where they can be searched for at the same time, the player is allowed only three minutes to search for both balls. But if the likelihood is that the locations of the balls are too far apart to be searched for at the same time, the player is allowed a three-minute search time for each ball. In addition, even if the balls are in the same vicinity, there may be other factors that mean that the player is allowed a three-minute search time for each ball. Examples of this include when:

The original ball is seen to go into bushes whereas the provisional ball is in rough nearby, but is clearly not in the bushes.
The original ball bounces on the fairway and is known to have only just reached the rough whereas the provisional ball lands much farther into the rough than where the original ball could have come to rest.

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Moved/1 - When Ball Resting on Object Has Moved

For the purpose of deciding whether a ball must be replaced or whether a player gets a penalty, a ball is treated as having moved only if it has moved in relation to a specific part of the larger condition or object it is resting on, unless the entire object the ball is resting on has moved in relation to the ground.

An example of when a ball has not moved includes when:

A ball is resting in the fork of a tree branch and the tree branch moves, but the ball's spot in the branch does not change.

Examples of when a ball has moved include when:

A ball is resting in a stationary plastic cup and the cup itself moves in relation to the ground because it is being blown by the wind.
A ball is resting in or on a stationary motorized cart that starts to move.

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Moved/2 - Television Evidence Shows Ball at Rest Changed Position but by Amount Not Reasonably Discernible to Naked Eye

When determining whether or not a ball at rest has moved, a player must make that judgment based on all the information reasonably available to them at the time, so that they can determine whether the ball must be replaced under the Rules. When the player's ball has left its original position and come to rest in another place by an amount that was not reasonably discernible to the naked eye at the time, a player's determination that the ball has not moved is conclusive, even if that determination is later shown to be incorrect through the use of sophisticated technology.

On the other hand, if the Committee determines, based on all of the evidence it has available, that the ball changed its position by an amount that was reasonably discernible to the naked eye at the time, the ball will be determined to have moved even though no-one actually saw it move.

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Nearest Point of Complete Relief/1 - Diagrams Illustrating Nearest Point of Complete Relief

In the diagram, the term "nearest point of complete relief" in Rule 16.1 (Abnormal Course Conditions) for relief from interference by an immovable obstruction is illustrated in the case of a right-handed player.

The nearest point of complete relief must be strictly interpreted. A player is not allowed to choose on which side of the immovable obstruction the ball will be dropped, unless there are two equidistant nearest points of complete relief. Even if one side of the immovable obstruction is fairway and the other is bushes, if the nearest point of complete relief is in the bushes, then that is the player's nearest point of complete relief.

DIAGRAM NEJBLIŽŠÍ MÍSTO ÚPLNÉ ÚLEVY/1

Diagram předpokládá pravorukého hráče.
Hráči překáží abnormální stav hřiště (ASH) a má nárok na beztrestnou úlevu.
Jestliže míč leží v bodě B1, pak nejbližší místo úplné úlevy je v bodě P1, přestože je to v křoví, kde míč nemusí být hratelný.
Je to tak proto, že bod na opačné straně cesty, kde by hráč měl úplnou úlevu od ASH, je v bodě P2 a tento bod je dál od bodu B1, než bod P1.

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Nearest Point of Complete Relief/2 – Player Does Not Follow Recommended Procedure in Determining Nearest Point of Complete Relief

Although there is a recommended procedure for determining the nearest point of complete relief, the Rules do not require a player to determine this point when taking relief under a relevant Rule (such as when taking relief from an abnormal course condition under Rule 16.1b (Relief for Ball in General Area)). If a player does not determine a nearest point of complete relief accurately or identifies an incorrect nearest point of complete relief, the player only gets a penalty if this results in them dropping a ball into a relief area that does not satisfy the requirements of the Rule and the ball is then played.

Nearest Point of Complete Relief/3 – Whether Player Has Taken Relief Incorrectly If Condition Still Interferes for Stroke with Club Not Used to Determine Nearest Point of Complete Relief

When a player is taking relief from an abnormal course condition, they are taking relief only for interference that they had with the club, stance, swing and line of play that would have been used to play the ball from that spot. After the player has taken relief and there is no longer interference for the stroke the player would have made, any further interference is a new situation.

For example, the player's ball lies in heavy rough in the general area approximately 230 yards from the green. The player selects a wedge to make the next stroke and finds that their stance touches a line defining an area of ground under repair. The player determines the nearest point of complete relief and drops a ball in the prescribed relief area according to Rule 14.3b(3) (Ball Must Be Dropped in Relief Area) and Rule 16.1 (Relief from Abnormal Course Conditions). The ball rolls into a good lie within the relief area from where the player believes that the next stroke could be played with a 3-wood. If the player used a wedge for the next stroke there would be no interference from the ground under repair. However, using the 3-wood, the player again touches the line defining the ground under repair with their foot. This is a new situation and the player may play the ball as it lies or take relief for the new situation.

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Nearest Point of Complete Relief/4 - Player Determines Nearest Point of Complete Relief but Is Physically Unable to Make Intended Stroke

The purpose of determining the nearest point of complete relief is to find a reference point in a location that is as near as possible to where the interfering condition no longer interferes. In determining the nearest point of complete relief, the player is not guaranteed a good or playable lie.

For example, if a player is unable to make a stroke from what appears to be the required relief area as measured from the nearest point of complete relief because either the direction of play is blocked by a tree, or the player is unable to take the backswing for the intended stroke due to a bush, this does not change the fact that the identified point is the nearest point of complete relief. After the ball is in play, the player must then decide what type of stroke they will make. This stroke, which includes the choice of club, may be different than the one that would have been made from the ball's original spot had the condition not been there. If it is not physically possible to drop the ball in any part of the identified relief area, the player is not allowed relief from the condition.

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Nearest Point of Complete Relief/5 - Player Physically Unable to Determine Nearest Point of Complete Relief

If a player is physically unable to determine their nearest point of complete relief, it must be estimated, and the relief area is then based on the estimated point.

For example, in taking relief under Rule 16.1, a player is physically unable to determine the nearest point of complete relief because that point is within the trunk of a tree or a boundary fence prevents the player from adopting the required stance. The player must estimate the nearest point of complete relief and drop a ball in the identified relief area. If it is not physically possible to drop the ball in the identified relief area, the player is not allowed relief under Rule 16.1.

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No Play Zone/1 - Status of Growing Things Overhanging a No Play Zone

The status of growing things that overhang a no play zone depends on the type of no play zone. This will matter since the growing things may be part of the no play zone, in which case the player is required to take relief.

For example, if a no play zone has been defined as a penalty area (where the edges extend above and below the ground), any part of a growing object that extends beyond the edges of the no play zone is not part of the no play zone. However, if a no play zone has been defined as ground under repair (which includes all ground inside the defined area and anything growing that extends above the ground and outside the edges), anything overhanging the edge is part of the no play zone.

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Relief Area/1 - Determining Whether Ball Is in Relief Area

Generally, a ball has come to rest in a relief area if any part of the ball is within the one or two club-length measurement.

But when taking relief under a Rule that has a reference point (such as when taking relief from an immovable obstruction), a ball is not in the relief area if any part of the ball is nearer the hole than the reference point. When taking back-on-the-line relief or if a dropping zone is being used as a relief area, as there is no reference point, the ball is in the relief area when any part of the ball touches or overhangs the relief area. This is true even if part of the ball is nearer the hole than the front edge of the relief area. (New)

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Stroke/1 - Determining If a Stroke Was Made

If a player starts the downswing with a club intending to strike the ball, their action counts as a stroke when:

The clubhead is deflected or stopped by an outside influence (such as the branch of a tree) whether or not the ball is struck.
The clubhead separates from the shaft during the downswing and the player continues the downswing with the shaft alone, whether or not the ball is struck with the shaft.
The clubhead separates from the shaft during the downswing and the player continues the downswing with the shaft alone, with the clubhead falling and striking the ball.

The player's action does not count as a stroke in each of following situations:

During the downswing, a player's clubhead separates from the shaft. The player stops the downswing short of the ball, but the clubhead falls and strikes and moves the ball.
During the backswing, a player's clubhead separates from the shaft. The player completes the downswing with the shaft but does not strike the ball.
A ball is lodged in a tree branch beyond the reach of a club. If the player moves the ball by striking a lower part of the branch instead of the ball, Rule 9.4 (Ball Lifted or Moved by Player) applies.

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Wrong Ball/1 - Part of Wrong Ball Is Still Wrong Ball

If a player makes a stroke at part of a stray ball that they mistakenly thought was the ball in play, they have made a stroke at a wrong ball and Rule 6.3c applies.

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